How resilient were prehistoric farmers to climate deterioration? Did they adapt their farming strategies to climate change? How can we recognise agricultural adaptation and resilience in the archaeological record? The project ‘Climate, crops and crisis?: examining agricultural adaptation and resilience to climate change in prehistory’ was conducted at the Centre for Advanced Study from 2024-2025. The project provided an interdisciplinary dialogue to determine the best methods for identifying agricultural adaptation and resilience in the archaeological record, and aimed to integrate archaeological, palaeoclimate and climate modelling data to provide a sophisticated understanding of human-climate interactions in the past. The project is comprised of a team of researchers at different career stages and from a range of different disciplines spanning the natural and social sciences. The research was structured around an opening conference and four workshops. The project produced a framework for identifying agricultural risk management in the archaeological record and revealed previously unrecognised geographical and temporal differences in the strategies of crop cultivation, livestock husbandry and wild food resource use across the study area. The novel synthesis of palaeoclimate records and comparison with climate models has enabled robust patterns of temperature and precipitation change from 4000-0 BC to be identified, allowing us to more directly understand the constraints and climate challenges experienced by subsistence farmers in different locations across the study area.