Climate change, and its relationship to food production and food security, is one of the biggest global challenges at present, and therefore there is an increasing need for archaeological case-studies to provide time-depth and varying conditions for understanding the resilience and vulnerabilities of different food production strategies in the context of climate change. In this talk we will focus on how we can reconstruct the climatic conditions that prehistoric farmers had to cope with. Models of global climate change and syntheses of climate proxy data from lakes and bogs allow us to understand and interpret past climates at an increasing temporal and spatial resolution, and in this lunch talk we will present some new data compilations from Norway and Scotland.