Abstract 

There is a large philosophical literature on whether democracy has intrinsic or purely instrumental value. This literature has ignored several more complex middle positions which are not easily captured through this dichotomy. In particular, I want to explore the possibility that democracy has intrinsic but secondary value: we value it independently, but its importance often pales in comparison to outcome-related values. I will explore four varieties of this view: (i) the weak intrinsic aim view, (ii) the lenient deontic constraint view, (iii) the conditional value view, and (iv) the indeterminacy resolution view.